Prayer in School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prayer in School - Essay Example I think that the government should be focused on the school's academics, not what religion they are to study. The proposed amendments would cause nothing but trouble considering that there would be many arguments on what beliefs should be taught. Religion is private and schools are public. Having any prayer in school goes against the basis in which our country was formed upon. America came into being because colonists wanted religious freedom. Our founding fathers carefully wrote the constitution to grant the freedom of separation of church and state. A prayer created and supported by a government violate the very essence of the spirit in which the US was formed. It was not until 1962, in the case of Engel v. Vitale, that the Supreme Court ruled that the voluntary prayer used to begin the day in New York public schools was unconstitutional. [Paul D. Kauper, 1963] The prayer, created by the New York Board of Regents, read, "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence on Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our country."[Geoffrey R. Stone, 1983] The decision to ban school-sponsored prayer was "so unpopular that many school districts simply have disregarded it."[Greenawalt] In fact, a 1980 American National Election Study found that 72.1% of Americans believe that schools should be allowed to start each day with a prayer.[Kirk W. Elifson and C. Kirk Hadaway] Since the banning of organized prayer in public schools in 1962, the nation has been in steady moral decline. Divorce rates, teen pregnancy, violent crime, and drug use have all increased. Many school prayer supporters believe there is a direct correlation between the removal of prayer from public schools and the decline of morality. Religious conservatives are convinced that religious influence in the schools is necessary to teach students morals and values. Through their rulings, the court has also defined some times and conditions under which public school students may pray, or otherwise practice a religion at any time before, during or after the school-day, as long as your prayers do not interfere with other students. In meetings of organized prayer or worship groups, either informally or as a formal school organization. Before eating a meal at school -- as long as the prayer does not disturb other students. In some states, student-led prayers or invocations are still delivered at graduations due to lower court rulings. [Geoffrey R Stone] However, the Supreme Court's ruling of June 19, 2000 may bring this practice to an end. Some states provide for a daily "moment of silence" to be observed as long as students are not encouraged to "pray" during the silent period. As society goes we have things we would be better suited addressing than whether or not kids get to go to a crusade. Kids seem to have a better handle on it than we adults. If your kid gets out of school two hours to hear a nondenominational sermon why are you concerned There are far worse things for your kid to get out of school for. If your religion does not believe in a God then your kid should be firmly grounded in your faith that he cannot be swayed by listening to this. [Riley M. Sinder & John K. Lopker] Prayers in public school should be allowed as it may inculcate the belief that God exists. In today's world, many are turning out to be infidel and many are following

Telecommunications Law and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telecommunications Law and Policy - Essay Example This has created issues of KableCom potentially running out of bandwidth available for customers, resulting in outages and delays. KableCom should now introduce the â€Å"Unlimited Stream Plan.†   Under this Plan, customers will be able to choose three streaming cloud apps from a short list of approved sites that have paid KableCom for the opportunity to participate. Customers will be permitted unlimited streaming on the three sites they select without accruing data charges. It is, therefore, necessary for KableCom to implement data caps and migrate from unlimited data plans to data-use pricing model, however, many plans shall still have unlimited talk and texts. With a, Internet as down from 4G to 2G (throttling) are on their download (2 GB per). One data is speed - 4G data are significantly than 3G users through a short interval. One potential solution under consideration by KableCom is allowing content providers or app developers to pay carriers so that their services do not count against a customer’s monthly data limit and essentially buying traffic for their content. However, the Internet is designed for all content and services to be treated equally. Because this solution would give KableCom an unfair advantage over its clients, at some point it should be viewed as net neutrality issue. Data-use pricing model shall monitor data usage and make sure customers stay under their data cap. The provision different tariffs model enable customer decide whether they need to consider upgrading to a higher plan or if usage is typical. Using the current app store KableCom should provide free apps that gives options for ones total usage for the current period or a help site for to customers see where they using the most data bundles. Other useful tools to be provided free of charge to KableCom’s customers is third-party apps designed to help them monitor their bandwidth usage. One such app is Onavo Extend; it gives one a breakdown of

Introduction To The Movie Brokeback Mountain Film Studies Essay

Introduction To The Movie Brokeback Mountain Film Studies Essay Brokeback Mountain is a particularly extraordinary film. Brokeback Mountain is one of the most touching love stories in decades; it gradually casts its spell, moving forward at a relaxed tempo and soothingly works its way into your heart. A number of movies take their time revealing the story out and occupying the audience. Brokeback Mountain is one of those films. The story that unfolds is reasonably straightforward and simple. Its the summer of 1963 and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal) meets Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) when theyre both given jobs guarding sheep up on Brokeback Mountain. Jack is portrayed as friendly and open; a very friendly person a real talker who loves to play the harmonica. On the other hand, Ennis is basically a shy person, who closely safeguards his feelings and avoids openly up to strangers or simply, everyone. All alone up on the mountain (with just horses and sheep for company) the good-looking young men open themselves to each other, emotionally. One night, as a result of a lot of drinking, Jack encourages Ennis into his tent to get warm. In an artfully and cleverly staged scene, Jack positions Ennis arm over his body which makes Ennis pull away. But soon, their deep desires and love for each other shoots up into a life-changing sexual encounter. A 20-year relationship blossoms from that one night of shared passion. Though both the men got married, and had children, yet never once did they stop loving each other. Because their love would never have been understood or accepted by the society in that time and in that place, they could not openly show how they felt for each other and had to keep it locked inside of them with the exception of a few times each year, when they broke away from their normal lives and took some time out for themselves on Brokeback Mountain. The proposed argument states that holding up or suppressing ones sexual emotions can be spiritually and physically dangerous, frequently having an injurious, chain effect. This thesis statement is supported by many depictions within the movie. It is basically a desperately sad story in a lot of ways, a story of two wasted lives, but a moving and beautiful story, too. Once forced to hold back his true emotions, Jake becomes a sellout, working for his hateful and loathsome father-in-law, selling farm machinery. Ennis, on the other hand, turns into a quiet and grumpy old cowpoke their true selves become more sadly unapproachable with each passing day of their lives. More than this, Brokeback Mountain is in fact a story of how, for the most part, our lives, gay and straight, are characterized by one split second in which things go naturally and gloriously right, when the whole thing falls into place; but afterwards it is felt plain wrong. Jack and Ennis, flawed as they are, undertake the most excellent endeavors to refuse their deep embedded desires and they fight not just against racism, but the dullness of their society as well. (Piontek, 2012). Brokeback Mountain is at the end of the day not about sex (there is very little of it in the film) but about love: love dissatisfied, love accidently fallen into and love held sorrowfully in the heart. Another instance to support the main idea comes in the shape of a scene added in the original script, in which Ennis, in front of his freaked-out family, punches two hikers at a Fourth of July picnic. The shot of the, enraged and deeply unhappy cowboy lifting his fist against a sky decorated with fireworks is one of the more initial moments. The director, Lee, restates a well-known, though compelling charge against the foundations of American nationalism, that is to say that at least some of its aggressive and violent action is rooted in repressed homosexuality (Pinto, 2007). In order to understand the main thesis idea adopted in this essay, historians must put together a reflection and consideration of the emotional urges in order to progress beyond representation to understand the realities of historical actors. In political terms, Brokeback was a revolutionary event, in order to understand the connections between homosexuality, homo-sociality, and homophobia. The importance of emotional urges and the resulting hold-up of unacceptable emotions are highlighted in the following situation: What Jack remembered and craved in a way he could neither help nor understand was the time that distant summer on Brokeback when Ennis had come up behind him and pulled him close, the silent embrace satisfying some shared and sexless hunger. Such feelings are undoubtedly significant and important for an individual. A person who is deprived of such a blissful feeling and connection is sure to turn sour, bitter and unhappy (Grundmann, 2006). Moreover, Ennis, who constantly fought against his emotions and tried hard to hold them under the assumed fatherly responsibilities, eventually did feel the loss of what was unsaid and undone between him and Jack. In a scene replicated in the movie, Ennis hid his face and breathed in little by little through his nose and mouth, looking forward to the faded fog of mountain and salty sweet stench of Jack but there was no genuine scent; only the memory of it the envisioned supremacy of Brokeback Mountain of which not anything was left but what he held in his hands. At last Ennis found himself competent of some measure of imagination -too late (Snider, 2008). This truly represented that sexual freedom is a human right; whose suppression led to spiritual and physical drunkenness. This movie, Brokeback Mountain, is nonetheless a classic and a thought-provoking movie. Labeled as a love story, it does not only target a specific audience; rather it extends its gentleness, its tenderness, emotional attachment and the sorrow of lost love to all. Though homosexuality might not be acceptable to all, it nevertheless exists as a firm reality amongst living people with real, sincere emotions and feelings. The movie is a classic example of individuality and human right humans are free to love whomever they desire. Inability to do so might have injurious ripple effect and could lead to devastated, unhappy lives of many.

Symbols in Their Eyes Were Watching God

Symbols in Their Eyes Were Watching God In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, many different symbols are used to express Janie’s longing for love and acceptance. Each symbol is related to the condition of Janie’s life at that time. Janie is very beautiful and innocent to the ways of men and sexuality. Janie has her first sexual feelings one afternoon beneath a pear tree. She sees a â€Å"bee sinking into the sanctum of a bloom; the thousand sister calyxes arch to meet the love embrace (Hurston 11)† and she comments on how happy the tree must be to have such a feeling.Janie believes she is privy to a â€Å"revelation (Hurston 11)† and she thinks â€Å"So this [is] a marriage (Hurston 11)! † The pear tree and the bee working together in harmony represent new love and desire for Janie. She realizes she has neither in her life but she thinks about the possibilities for the future and she â€Å"[feels] a pain remorseless sweet tha t [leaves] limp and languid (Hurston 11). † Janie has been sheltered her whole life and is seeking to feel some of what she saw with the pear tree and the bee. She asks herself â€Å"where are the singing bees for [me] (Hurston 11)? Not being able to come up with an answer Janie goes to the â€Å"front gate†¦ waiting for the world to be made (Hurston 11). † Janie sees Johnny Taylor and desire from what she sees wells up in her and she kisses him over the gate. The inside of the gate for Janie represents restriction and separation. Janie’s first kiss is with Johnny in the confines of her yard. Janie’s grandmother, Nanny, sees the kiss and forces Janie to marry Logan Killicks. The gate also represents seeking for Janie. After her marriage fails, Janie â€Å"begins to stand by the gate and expect things (Hurston 25). It is at this gate that she meets Joe â€Å"Jody† Stark. Janie leaves â€Å"out of the front gate and turned south (Hurston 32)â €  as she leaves Logan for Joe â€Å"the change was bound to do her good (Hurston 32). † Janie marries Joe Stark and he becomes the mayor of Eatonville. Joe has a very different idea of life for Janie. He wants her to sit and be proper, to be seen and not heard. Janie becomes a clerk in his store. The town gathers on the porch of the store and Janie listens but does not join in the conversations. She is required to be inside working. The porch represents xclusion for Janie and community for everyone else. Janie realizes that â€Å"the wife of the mayor was not just another woman†¦she couldn’t get but so close to most of them in spirit (Hurston 46). † On this porch an unusual thing happens. One of the townsmen’s mule( Matt Bonner’s mule) was getting old and Matt did not treat him very well. He did not feed the mule often. The mule got loose and the townspeople caught up to him and were â€Å"goosing him in the sides (Hurston 56)† for fun. Janie got upset at the little â€Å"regard for helpless things (Hurston 57),† that the towns people were showing.Mayor Stark saw this and bought the mule so he could rest. The mule in the story represents Janie. Although the mule was old, tired, and a source for ridicule among the town the horse still had a â€Å"more spirit left than body (Hurston 56). † After Mayor Stark dies, Janie sees life brand new. She starts to dress differently. She wears her hair free. She socializes with the town. Janie also falls in love again. She meets a younger man named Vergible Woods known as â€Å"Tea Cake. † Tea Cake represents inclusion, the unknown, and unconditional love for Janie.Janie was now socializing with the town but she still was not included. Tea Cake asks her to play checkers and she is so excited. â€Å"Somebody thought it natural for her to play. [That] was even nice (Hurston 96). † She even compares him to her longing. She thinks that he â€Å"coul d be a bee to her blossom —- a pear tree blossom in the spring (Hurston 106). † Janie goes on to marry Tea Cake and they have some bumps along their road but Janie ultimately finds what she was searching for under the pear tree.

The Last Supper - 2048 Words

The Last Supper – Research Essay The Last Supper is a religious scene in the Catholic bible, which tells the story of the last meal the night before the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. An important role in its religion, the Last Supper scene has been recreated by artists many times. These visual interpretations of the event generally show Jesus, surrounded by his disciples. During the meal, Jesus breaks the bread and serves the wine accompanied with the command â€Å"Take this all of you and eat it†¦ this is my body†¦ do this in remembrance of me†. Three artists who have produced paintings of the Last Supper include Leonardo DaVinci, Jacopo Tintoretto and Salvador Dali. Each of these artists interpreted the religious event and recreated it in terms†¦show more content†¦In contrast to the physical reaction of the disciples, Jesus is calm with a peaceful equilibrium and a dignified strength. He sits with his palms upturned to form a triangle with his arms and head, which again refers to the numb er three symbolising the Holy Trinity. By choosing this part of the story; he also chooses to leave out the bread and the wine normally sitting on the table in visuals of the Last Supper. Leonardo’s version is also the first to have Judas sitting on the same side of the table as Jesus. Judas is identifiable by the symbols employed by Leonardo, such as the money bag clutched tightly in Judas’ hand and the difference in his gesture and facial expression to the other disciples. Although this painting breaks conventions, the realism used by Leonardo helped the paintings function of conveying a â€Å"true† story to its audience to inspire them to be more faithful. Perceptions of this artwork will have changed over time, as today’s audience is far less religious and would therefore be more likely to see ‘The Last Supper’ as an aesthetic piece of artwork rather than a narrative of a biblical story or connection to God. After the ride and fall of High Renaissance came the style known as Mannerism. This style involved developing artist individual style, artificial, aesthetically fantastic images and breaking away from tradition including Renaissance. Mannerism was inspired by theShow MoreRelatedThe Last Supper By Sebastiano Ricci1234 Words   |  5 Pagesbring the joy. Fun in life or silence for the soul. In other words, painting is a language that communicates an artist s ideas and emotions based on the artist s painting techniques. The Last Supper by Sebastiano Ricci, an Italian artist, illustrates the biblical moment where Jesus and his disciples reunite for last time. Above all, the art’s balanced symmetry, composition, colors, and sharpness enhances the symbolic meaning of Ricci’s art work. Symmetry are often used in painting, although sometimesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Art Piece Name Yo Mama s Last Supper By Cox962 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I am going to conduct an â€Å"Australian Bushman† approach to analyze the art piece name Yo Mama’s Last Supper by Cox. Later on in the essay, I will include contextualization of the analysis. This art piece portrays a darker colored woman in the middle with twelve men sitting at the table, six men on each side. She is not wearing any sort of garments except for a simple white cloth around her spread out arms. All men are divided into three-men group based upon similar actions. The man immediateRead MoreThe Last Supper638 Words   |  3 PagesThe Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most famous works of art in the world. This painting represents the religious ceremony with Jesus Christ and his 12 disciples. This is the last meal that was shared between him and his disciples before his arrest and his untimely crucifixion. Leonardo was commissioned to execute the painting in the Dominican monastery of this Church by Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza. Leonardo da Vinci was an artist, scientist, architect, author, engineer, inventorRead MoreWhat is The Eucharist?1467 Words   |  6 PagesPassover. The symbolism of both rituals is deeply entwined; we remember, give t hanks, worship, and renew our covenant with God. Jesus instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper. Although scholars are uncertain as to whether the Last Supper was the Passover meal, it â€Å"took place in the atmosphere of the Passover† . The Last Supper added a new dimension to the Jewish ritual meal, â€Å"in terms of what (or better who) was celebrated† . Jesus asked the disciples to â€Å"do this in memory of me† (1 Cor 11:24Read MoreThroughout The Bible, Jesus Is Known For Eating With The1458 Words   |  6 PagesJesus created a connection with the marginalized groups and spread the word of God. The last supper was the last meal that Jesus shared with his disciples before his crucifixion. In my essay, I will discuss the painting The Sacrament of the Last Supper by Salvador Dalà ­. I will discuss how the painting shows the divinity of Jesus, displays Jesus, and interprets the last supper. The Sacrament of the Last Supper by Salvador Dali is a large painting in the National Gallery of Art. In the painting thereRead MoreAssemblage Art And The Arts At Ohio State University968 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Smooke Collection, its name is The Last Supper. Though I didn’t learn about assemblage, I was exposed to the relevance of one of the most historically significant paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper. This late 15th-century painting is a religion icon and depicts Jesus Christ and his 12 disciples at their last supper before Jesus was sent off to get crucified. I believe the piece of art I analyzed was clearly inspired by Leonardo’s The Last Supper due to the same name and key similaritiesRead MoreThe Prayer Of An Ecumenical Worship1634 Words   |  7 Pagesin today’s context the bread and the wine are a way of honoring the sacrifice upon the cross. The gap between the human life experience from the Last Supper to a Communion is difficult to bridge. Some believe that the bread and wine are a literal representation of Christ’s body. Others partake of Communion as a way to recreate a version of the Last Supper. Not to say that is a wrong way of interpreting the bible, but that the practice fai ls to understand the historical-critical perspective of whatRead More The Last Supper Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Last Supper The Last Supper was a very powerful Biblical event, in which Jesus and his disciples gathered for one final dinner together. According to the Bible, important events took place during the Last Supper, including an announcement by Jesus that one of his disciples would betray him and the first communion. To artists in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, it was necessary to give proper deference to such notable occurrences. Both Leonardo da Vinci and JacopoRead MoreRenaissance : The Last Supper1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthe forefront of the Renaissance and change in the European society. Leonardo Da Vinci, also named Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, was one of the most famous of these Artists at this time, composing multiple pieces of art such as â€Å"The Last Supper.† â€Å"The Last Supper† by Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the most reproduced, fascinating, and elegant paintings from the Renaissance. The original is 15 by 29 feet large, but multiple reproductions have smaller dimensions to be more compatible for spaces in museumsRead MoreEssay about Inductive Bible Study Assignments for Submission #14602 Words   |  19 PagesCorinthians 11:23-26 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 7. Write a summary statement of the passage you listed in #6: This passage reminds the reader of the night of the Last Supper. It recalls how Jesus took and broke bread and called it His body, and His blood the wine. This passage reminds the reader of the night of the Last Supper. It recalls how Jesus took and broke bread and called it His body, and His blood the wine. 8. What is the textual unit (i.e., Scripture passage) after to 1 Corinthians

Report on Organizational Structure and finance of British Airways - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2583 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This report aims to give an analysis of the organisation of the British Airways Airline. It will discuss the organisational structure of British Airways and its sources of finance; that is where it gets its money from, how it is used and whether a profit or a loss is being made. The market the organisation operates in and its management type will also be discussed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Report on Organizational Structure and finance of British Airways" essay for you Create order The quality of the good or service provided will also be highlighted and an analysis of the supply chain that is showing the forms of distribution will be given. In conclusion, the report will summarise the information on the organisation and a view of its trading in the last five years followed by recommendations on how I feel the business may proceed in the current economic climate. The report was compiled by drawing literature from the British Airways website, lecture notes and relevant Business Organisation books. History: The British Airways, an organisation that operates in the Travel Market is the largest operating airline in the United Kingdom. It has its base at Heathrow Airport in London. Although the airline has been operational since 1919, developments over the years saw the merging of the British Airways Corp. (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA) in 1974 leading to the establishment of the current British Airways,(Corke, 1986). The organisation operates both domestic and international flights to about 600 destinations around the world. This is the reason why it is one of the worlds leading airlines. The British Airline is a Public Limited Company (PLC). It was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1987. Following its privatisation, the airline expanded its operations and managed to take over some competitors such as British Caledonian within the same year and Dan-Air in 1992. During the late 1990s, British Airlines established the One World alliance as it became more competitive to win more customers and had themselves high profit margins during the millennium labelling the airline a major full-service carrier, (Corke 1986). Organisational Structure: Mintzeberg et al, (1979) defines a business as an organisational entity that is legally set up to provide goods and services to customers in a country. He further states that an organisation consists of a large number of people bringing together ideas to achieve common goals using a variety of tactics to come up with short-term and long-term strategies for a businesss future success. Since British Airways is a public limited company (PLC), its type of business organisation is the private sector. Being a Public Limited Company, British Airways is owned by shareholders who buy shares from the stock exchange market and have separate legal identity from the business. If the business goes into debt each shareholder will only lose the amount of share capital they invested and not their personal possessions. Due to the airline being a private limited company, the government is not involved in its running. Its aims and objectives are to maximise profit in the long-term by focusing on impro ving and maintaining outstanding customer service and becoming the worlds leading premium airline. An organisational structure is important because it determines how the organisation will be run in order to meet its aims and objectives, (Cunnee, 2008). He defines an organisational structure as the number of ways used in a business to set up division and specialization of labour focusing on maintaining co-ordination to achieve the same targets. British Airways has a flat structure meaning it has a small number of management levels but a wide span of control. The airline has adopted a divisional structure mainly because of the nature of its business which is customer focused. The advantages of this method are that it gives clear identification of job roles, less time consumed in decision making and easy supervision for managers between departments. This increases efficiency as different people are given the opportunities to effectively utilise their different skills, but it can als o be in efficient because the managers have a large number of subordinates reporting to them therefore increasing their workload. On the other hand, employees may not feel secure about their jobs as they are being strictly watched over and may be de-motivated to work effectively. Another shortfall of this method is that each department may focus on its own objectives which may conflict with other departments, (Martin, 2010). Sources of Finance: British Airways is financed by issuing shares to the general public on the stock exchange market and from convertible bond issues. The bonds which have low interest rates could be used as a long-term fund which can be changed into share capital of the company during times of bankruptcy, (Rutterford, 2007). In 2009, the Market Watch reported that British Airways got a boost of pound;600 million through the issuance of convertible bond and an agreement with its pension fund to release bank guarantees back to the airline. Of this amount pound;300 million worth of convertible bonds due to mature in 2014 and will be convertible into 15% to 20% of its share capital. The other pound;300 million which will only be accessible in the case of bankruptcy will allow British Airways access to bank funding of pound;3330 million up June 2012, (Market Watch, 2009). Like most public companies, British Airways aims and objectives are to maximise profit. In 2008, British Airways made a profit of po und;726m while its 2009 Income Statement shows a loss of pound;358m. Part of the loss is due to the effects of the recession that affected a large number of United Kingdoms businesses and the whole world. Because of the recession, there was a high increase in fuel prices due to limited resources. This left British Airways with no choice but to buy the fuel regardless of the price as it is important for its business. Fewer consumers were able to afford travelling expenses due to high costs. The wage bill of the company also had a great impact during such hard times. The employees demanded high wages for them to be able to afford their own personal needs as well. The differences between the airlines management and the employees led to strikes that also contributed to the loss of profits by the company. The strikes led to a destruction of many consumers travel plans that has also led to bad public image causing a negative influence on the airlines market. The conflict of objectives bet ween the airlines management and its employees still remains unresolved. In 2009, most of the expenditure expenses were made up of fuel and oil costs and employee costs of pound;2969(m) and pound;2139 (m) respectively. The loss made in 2009 was carried forward through to 2010 of which a loss of pound;425(m) was made. Marketing Management Marketing is the identification and provision of customers needs at the same time ensuring that the organisation makes a profit. Marketing management is essential for a business such as British Airways as it allows for flexibility to adapt to the changing needs of the market. In this strategy, the organisation is always assessing the needs of its customers in order to design products of better value. There are many different strategies a business could adopt for better marketing management and this could be done through the marketing mix. Marketing mix is the identification of the 4/7Ps. In this report I am only going to talk about the four main Ps. The 4Ps are the product being made, the place it is going to be provided, promotional strategies put in place and the price to be paid by consumers, (Kotler et al, 2009). The nature of the business of British Airways is to provide flight services to consumers across various places around the world. The airlines product strategy includes flight services that are offered in various packages for example, the differentiation between the business, first and economic classes. This is done to satisfy each consumer as the airline has considered and provided for different classes of the economy. Promotion is the extra cost of a business to differentiate itself from competitors and try to win consumers attention by persuading them to choose them over their competitors. British Airways has branded itself as an airline that provides a luxury, safety, reliable and convenient service that transfers people to different destinations which is why one would want to go out and travel with them. Price is the value placed on the exchange of goods or services during the marketing process. Customers pay up money in return to satisfy their needs, (Smith, 2007). The price should be based on the quality of the product, taking into account customers expectations. However, charging a low price to a product worth more may not be beneficial to the company as that would lead to a loss in potential profit (Kotler et al 2009) while on the other hand; charging a high price for a product not worth it will cause a reduction in demand and bad public image. British Airways pricing policy entitles one to get what they paid for with the freedom of choice in the payment package for the type of flight service they would like. The airlines pricing strategy is based on three class seats provided by the airline. These are premium, medium-value and economy strategies. With the premium strategy, business and executive consumers are given a high quality service being charged a high price for it. British Airways competitors in this service are other giant airlines such as Virgin and American Airlines. The medium-value strategy consists of a standard charge with quality less than the premium strategy but more than of the economy strategy. The economy strategy provides just the basic services with extra benefits like entertainment and free food and drinks adding to the quality and advantage of British Airways brand image, (Kotler et al, 2007). However, the airline has revised its pricing policy to competitive based pricing meaning it charges fares at the same level as competitors or lower. The airline wants to compete with rival low-cost airlines on short-haul European flights. Free food will still be offered although a fuel surcharge of pound;8 per single journey (pound;16 return) has to be paid by customers on top of their regular payments, (British Airways,). Another advantage of British Airways pricing strategy is that low-cost airline ticket prices a cheap when you book them well in advance but as it gets towards travelling dates they become very expensive, even much more expensive than British Airways. With British Airways the price will relatively still be the same until the week one travels. Quality Quality is a word which is defined differently by different people. From the different meanings, quality is the sum of all the features of a product or service that ensure that the customers needs are met appropriately. The products or services should be at least worth the price charged on them likewise, the quality of employees could be based on their performance with regards to the given tasks, (Mauch, 2010). British Airways adopted a high quality service approach although it eventually came to conflict with cost-cutting measurements that had to be put in place due to increased competition. The service provided by British Airways is flights from one destination to another and its brand core is Quality flights for all people meaning it tries to satisfy and accommodate all different kinds of consumers. As a consumer you get the feel of being a business man and executive traveller and the airline has the glamour any traveller would dream of. Being a fast mode of transport, less time is consumed for people in a hurry, you are assured of being at your destination at the estimated time shown when purchasing you ticket. Most people who fly with British Airways are the business man as suggested by its brand, although all different cultures are welcome on board. Marketing wise, the airline offers luxury travel with safety and comfort whilst flying. Despite increased competition and cost-cutting, the airline still remains one of the best airlines because low-cost airlines such as Easy-Jet and Raynair do not offer extras or as much comfort and security like British Airways. This is for example, Low-cost airlines only provide cheaper fares but they do not offer luxury comfort like TV entertainment or free food and drinks on flights and business seats compared to British Airways. Supply Chain A supply chain consists of a link between different channels of distribution that is, from the raw materials to the final customer. Supply Chain Management includes five key areas that are transportation, suppliers, warehousing, meeting orders and retailers; (Chopra et al, 2010). British Airways operates in the final product that is providing the service to customers. This makes the supply chain shorter and more effective due to the provision of direct services and saves time on any occurring problems as they can be dealt with quickly. The airline operates from many different locations with its major base at Londons Heathrow Airport. The customers have the strength of buying that can be divided into two main parts that are price sensitivity and relative bargaining power. The price sensitive buyers will look at an alternative option and compare prices charged to similar products and choose the one which is more beneficial. Therefore holiday packages have been introduced to overcome big volume products and for the airline to gain control over its supply chain and strengthen its brand. British Airways tries to satisfy all its customers with various needs from the different classes it provides for. Value is added in its supply chain process by providing different lounges and on board food and wine menus for the first class seats. Also the regular customers of the business class seats get blue, silver or gold cards and executive lounge at all main airports. Overall, the airline provides a good service for all fliers that is giving them free food and drinks, different types of entertainment including two in flight magazines, movie collections, radio channels and TV programs, British Airways target market is both domestic and global. Although the airline welcomes customers from all walks of life, it has made a lot of effort in maintaining its business and first class sections where it maximises its profits and increases its competitiveness at the same time cus tomers who use these two sections get real value for their money. Conclusion Due to increasing competition in the flying industry, consumers expect a reduction in the prices charged which would cause the companies to reduce the quality service provided. Although Easy-Jet and Raynair seem to have succeeded, they have had to compromise the quality of the service by making it basic with nothing much to offer apart from the reduced fare. Because of its outstanding service the British Airways has remained competitive in the current economic climate. In the three of the last five years that are 2006, 2007 and 2008 British Airways made profits of pound;451(m), pound;304(m) and pound;726(m) respectively, however in the other two years, 2009 and 2010 it made losses of pound;358(m) and pound;425(m). This is mainly due to the effects of the recession that started towards the end of 2008. The airline has managed to survive the recession despite having made profit losses. I believe it has the potential to recover from its financial crisis and maintain its position as one of the leading airlines worldwide. The management and employee issues need to be addressed sooner than later in order to avoid strikes that will further increase the financial crisis of the company and also negatively affect its image in the market.

Suspense and Mystery in The Call and The Signalman Essay

Explore the way in which Westall and Dickens create suspense and mystery in the two ghost stories, The Call and The Signalman. The two ghost stories The Call written by Robert Westall and The Signalman written by Charles Dickens, both create suspense and mystery to engage the readers attention. The Call is narrated by a person who did not experience the events of the story but heard it from other people, and he also knew the characters. In contrast The Signalman is narrated by one of the characters in the story, and is therefore in first person. The ghost story genre has had enduring popularity over the past few centuries. It can even be found as far back as the Elizabethan era, where Shakespeare used ghosts as†¦show more content†¦As I have already touched upon, The Call opens with the narrator speaking in 3rd person. He heard the story through other people and never actually experienced the story or even was a character in it. However he does know the main characters well and therefore the integrity of his story can be questioned, The rest is hearsay, from the logs they kept. The exposition in this story is of the narrator telling the background of the story and explaining why the circumstances of Christmas Eve came to. The Signalman is narrated in first person. It is a mans (whos identity we never gain knowledge of) story of how he encountered a poltergeist. There is no exposition or beginning at all in this tale. It dives straight into the narrator being curious and asking the question, Halloa! Below there!. The reader becomes curious over who this person is, as we have no description of him or how he arrived at that place. The exposition is much more condensed than the call, as we do not even get a description of how it all began. 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